5FHW

ENCLOSURE RECOMMENDATIONS: 5FHWX4-380
Driver: 5FHWX4-380 (5FHW) — 5" ferrite woofer, 4 ohm
Key T/S: Fs=50Hz, Qts=0.35, Qes=0.38, Qms=4.94, Vas=6.55L, Sens=86.39dB
Power: AES 30W / Cont 60W / Peak 120W
Xmax=3.2mm (linear), Xmech=9.2mm, Xprot=11.2mm
Sd=86.6cm², Bl=6.55T·m, Le=0.66mH
Depth: 60mm | Baffle cutout: 112mm | Ferrite motor | PP cone / NBR surround

ENCLOSURE TYPE RATIONALE:
  Qts=0.35 sits precisely at the hi-fi threshold for vented (bass reflex)
  alignment. Vented enclosures are the primary recommendation, delivering
  the maximum acoustic output and lowest usable bass extension from this
  compact driver. Sealed alignments are provided as compact alternatives
  — smaller cabinets, moderate bass extension, and well-damped transient
  response suitable for systems that rely on room gain or DSP.

WEATHERPROOF / OUTDOOR DESIGN NOTES:
  The 5FHW cone and dust cap are moulded from UV-stabilised polypropylene
  (PP), the NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) surround withstands ozone,
  moisture and temperature cycling, and all adhesive joints are sealed
  using REDCATT waterproof dispensing and adhesive selection processes.
  The driver is suitable for permanently-installed outdoor speakers,
  portable battery-powered systems, marine environments, garden audio,
  and poolside installations where prolonged moisture exposure is expected.
  Cabinet construction should be similarly weatherproofed (marine-grade
  ply or plastics); enclosure vent and port tubes should be sealed at
  basket joints and fitted with rain-resistant cowls or slot geometry.

DISPLACEMENT:
  Vd = Sd × Xmax = 86.6 cm² × 0.32 cm = 27.71 cm³ (peak, one-way)
VENTED (BASS REFLEX) ALIGNMENTS
Port: 30 mm diameter round tube (Ap = 7.07 cm²)
Port velocity limit (indoor hi-fi): ≤17 m/s
Port velocity limit (outdoor / portable PA): ≤22 m/s
ALIGNMENT A — COMPACT (3 L net internal)
  Box volume:        3.0 L (net internal)
  Tuning freq (Fb): 65 Hz
  Port length:       166 mm (30 mm dia round tube)
  Port velocity:     16.0 m/s (peak)
  System f-3dB:      ~60 Hz
  HP filter:         45 Hz, 12 dB/oct (min.) — protect Xmech
  Max SPL (30W, 1m): ~101 dB
  Application:       Bookshelf speaker, compact outdoor column,
                     portable Bluetooth enclosure, in-wall/in-ceiling.
  Notes: The smallest practical vented alignment for this driver.
         At 60 Hz -3 dB, the system delivers useful upper-bass weight
         for voice, acoustic music, and background music reproduction.
         Cabinet footprint approximately 150 × 150 × 150 mm (external)
         with a single 30 mm port tube flush with the rear or side panel.
         In an outdoor installation with 3–6 dB of room/boundary gain
         below 200 Hz, perceived bass extension improves significantly
         above the anechoic -3 dB figure.
ALIGNMENT B — BALANCED (5 L net internal)
  Box volume:        5.0 L (net internal)
  Tuning freq (Fb): 55 Hz
  Port length:       139 mm (30 mm dia round tube)
  Port velocity:     13.5 m/s (peak)
  System f-3dB:      ~52 Hz
  HP filter:         38 Hz, 12 dB/oct (min.)
  Max SPL (30W, 1m): ~101 dB
  Application:       General-purpose outdoor speaker, small hi-fi standmount,
                     compact PA monitor, marine topside speaker.
  Notes: The recommended general-purpose alignment. At 52 Hz -3 dB,
         the driver produces full-range output across speech, music, and
         wide-bandwidth programme material without supplementary bass
         reinforcement. Port velocity is comfortably within hi-fi limits;
         a 30 mm tube 139 mm long is practical inside a modest enclosure.
         For outdoor portable use, cabinet dimensions of approximately
         180 × 180 × 200 mm (external) are typical at this volume.
ALIGNMENT C — EXTENDED BASS (7 L net internal)
  Box volume:        7.0 L (net internal)
  Tuning freq (Fb): 48 Hz
  Port length:       131 mm (30 mm dia round tube)
  Port velocity:     11.8 m/s (peak)
  System f-3dB:      ~45 Hz
  HP filter:         33 Hz, 12 dB/oct (min.)
  Max SPL (30W, 1m): ~101 dB
  Application:       Hi-fi two-way standmount, outdoor stereo speaker,
                     multimedia monitor with sub-bass.
  Notes: The largest practical standalone cabinet for a 5" driver.
         At 45 Hz -3 dB, the system resolves the fundamental of a bass
         guitar (41 Hz open E), kick drum sub-fundamental, and the lower
         registers of piano and cello. Combined with in-room boundary
         reinforcement, effective in-room bass output begins at 40 Hz or
         below. Port velocity remains low; the enclosure is well-behaved
         at full power across all bass frequencies. Internal bracing is
         recommended at this volume to control panel resonances.
SEALED (ACOUSTIC SUSPENSION) ALIGNMENTS
  Sealed enclosures are suited to compact cabinets (under 2L),
  in-wall or on-wall installations, automotive, and applications
  where port noise or port geometry is undesirable. With Qts=0.35,
  the Butterworth (maximally flat) sealed alignment requires only 2.1 L.
  All sealed alignments are self-protected against low-frequency
  over-excursion by the natural 2nd-order roll-off; no HP filter is
  mandatory, though one is advisable at 30–40 Hz for full-power use.
SEALED A — COMPACT SEALED (0.9 L)
  Box volume:        0.9 L
  Qtc:               1.00
  System fc:         143 Hz
  System f-3dB:      ~112 Hz
  Application:       Small on-wall, in-wall, rear-fill, rear-surround,
                     automotive door, compact outdoor column.
  Notes: Tiny enclosure, modest bass extension. The 143 Hz fc peak
         (+3 dB above flat passband) adds a mild bass presence lift
         audible only in small or reverberant rooms. Suitable where
         small size is the priority and bass below 150 Hz is handled
         by a subwoofer or by room/vehicle coupling.
SEALED B — MODERATE SEALED (1.3 L)
  Box volume:        1.3 L
  Qtc:               0.85
  System fc:         122 Hz
  System f-3dB:      ~105 Hz
  Application:       Compact two-way cabinet, outdoor satellite,
                     multimedia desktop monitor.
  Notes: A good compromise between size and bass extension. Qtc=0.85
         gives a slight bass lift (+1.5 dB near fc) and a smooth
         roll-off below 100 Hz. In-room bass response will be
         perceived as pleasantly warm in typical listening environments.
SEALED C — BUTTERWORTH (2.1 L)
  Box volume:        2.1 L
  Qtc:               0.707 (maximally flat Butterworth)
  System fc:         101 Hz
  System f-3dB:      101 Hz
  Application:       Hi-fi two-way monitor, DSP active system, studio
                     near-field reference, sealed outdoor two-way.
  Notes: The ideal sealed alignment for the 5FHW. Qtc=0.707 is the
         maximally flat (Butterworth) 2nd-order high-pass response —
         no resonant peak, no overhang, fastest transient settling.
         f-3dB = fc = 101 Hz. This alignment is particularly well-
         suited to active DSP systems where a Linkwitz Transform can
         extend the sealed response a further octave, effectively
         pushing usable bass to 50–60 Hz from a 2.1 L enclosure.
SYSTEM SUMMARY TABLE
  | Alignment     | Volume | Fb/fc | f-3dB | Qtc  | HP Filter |
  |---------------|--------|-------|-------|------|-----------|
  | Vented A      | 3.0 L  | 65 Hz | ~60Hz | —    | 45 Hz     |
  | Vented B      | 5.0 L  | 55 Hz | ~52Hz | —    | 38 Hz     |
  | Vented C      | 7.0 L  | 48 Hz | ~45Hz | —    | 33 Hz     |
  | Sealed A      | 0.9 L  | 143Hz | 112Hz | 1.00 | 35 Hz     |
  | Sealed B      | 1.3 L  | 122Hz | 105Hz | 0.85 | 30 Hz     |
  | Sealed C      | 2.1 L  | 101Hz | 101Hz | 0.707| 28 Hz     |

  Sensitivity:    86.39 dB (1W/1m)
  Max SPL (30W):  ~101 dB at 1m
  Impedance:      4 ohm nominal (Re=3.2Ω)
  Outdoor use:    PP cone, NBR surround, UV stabilisers, waterproof adhesives